Annals of Applied Biology is an international journal sponsored by the Association of Applied Biologists. The journal publishes original research papers on all aspects of applied research on crop production, crop protection and the cropping ecosystem. The journal is published both online and in six printed issues per year.Annals papers must contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge and may, among others, encompass the scientific disciplines of:AgronomyAgrometeorologyAgrienvironmental sciencesApplied genomicsApplied metabolomicsApplied proteomicsBiodiversityBiological controlClimate changeCrop ecologyEntomologyGenetic manipulationMolecular biologyMycologyNematologyPestsPlant pathologyPlant breeding & geneticsPlant physiologyPost harvest biologySoil scienceStatisticsVirologyWeed biologyAnnals also welcomes reviews of interest in these subject areas. Reviews should be critical surveys of the field and offer new insights. All papers are subject to peer review. Papers must usually contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge in applied biology but short papers discussing techniques or substantiated results, and reviews of current knowledge of interest to applied biologists will be considered for publication. Papers or reviews must not be offered to any other journal for prior or simultaneous publication and normally average seven printed pages.