The Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes is an international journal devoted to the publication of original research that contributes to fundamental knowledge in the areas of bioenergetics, biomembranes, and transport, including oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, muscle contraction, as well as cellular and systemic metabolism. The timely research in this international journal benefits biophysicists, membrane biologists, cell biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, physiologists, endocrinologists, and bio-organic chemists.