Antiviral Research publishes research reports, short communications, review articles and commentaries on the control of viral infections in humans and animals. Its scope encompasses: antiviral drugs, antibodies and host-response modifiers, including their synthesis, in vitro and in vivo testing and mechanisms of action; new or improved vaccines against viral infections of humans; assessments of drug and vaccine safety; evolution of drug- or vaccine-resistant viruses and the development of effective countermeasures; identification and validation of new drug targets; laboratory animal models of viral diseases; pathogenesis of viral diseases and mechanisms of viral evasion of host immune responses.