Human Reproduction Update publishes comprehensive and systematic review articles in human reproductive physiology and medicine. Basic, transitional and clinical topics related to reproduction are of primary interest. This includes all the relevant areas of andrology, embryology, infertility, gynaecology, pregnancy, reproductive endocrinology, reproductive epidemiology, reproductive genetics, reproductive immunology, and reproductive oncology. Human Reproduction Update is published on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). The highest scientific and editorial standards are maintained.